If you’re a small business owner looking for financing options, you may have come across the term “SBA loan.” But what exactly is an SBA loan?
In this blog post, we’ll dive into the details of what SBA loans are, the pros and cons, and how to apply, while helping you understand if getting an SBA loan is the right option for your business.
What is an SBA loan?
Small Business Administration (SBA) loans are government-backed loans designed to help small businesses access the funding they need to start, grow, or expand their business.
SBA loans are partially guaranteed by the SBA, making them less risky for lenders, and therefore, more accessible to small businesses. These loans are not directly provided by the SBA, but rather through participating lenders such as banks and credit unions.
What does SBA stand for?
SBA stands for the Small Business Administration, a U.S. Government agency that supports small businesses by giving them access to capital, counseling, and other community resources.
How do SBA loans work?
Unlike traditional loans where the lender assumes all the risk, an SBA loan is backed by the government.
This means that if a borrower defaults on their loan, the SBA will partially reimburse the lender for their losses.
This guarantee reduces the risk for lenders and encourages them to provide loans to small businesses, even if they have lower credit scores or less established financial histories.
What can you use an SBA loan for?
Types of SBA loans
There are several types of SBA loans available, each designed for different purposes and needs of small businesses. Here are the most common types:
SBA 7(a) loans
SBA 7(a) loans are the most common and flexible type of SBA loan. They can be used for a wide range of purposes, including working capital, equipment purchases, real estate, and refinancing existing debt.
Visit the SBA website to read more about SBA 7(a) loans.
| SBA 7(a) loan details | |
| Common use cases |
|
| Maximum loan amount | $5 million |
| Terms | Up to 10 years for working capital or equipment Up to 25 years for real estate |
| Maximum guarantee | 85% |
SBA 504 loans
SBA 504 loans are specifically designed to help small businesses purchase major fixed assets such as machinery or real estate. These loans are provided through Certified Development Companies (CDCs), private, nonprofit corporations set up to contribute to the economic development of their communities.
The benefit of an SBA 504 loan is that it offers long-term, fixed-rate financing, making it a more affordable option for businesses looking to make major investments.
Read more about SBA 504 loans here.
| SBA 504 loan details | |
| Common use cases |
|
| Maximum loan amount | $5.5 million |
| Terms | 10, 20, or 25 years |
| Notable details |
|
SBA microloans
The SBA microloan program provides smaller loan amounts for businesses that need just a small injection of funds. These loans are designed to help startups, microbusinesses, or non-profit child care centers with their various needs, whether it’s working capital, inventory, supplies, or equipment. The maximum loan amount under the microloan program is $50,000, but the typical loan size is much smaller, often averaging around $13,000.
The exact terms of the loan depend on how much you borrow, what you’ll use the loan for, and your own financial circumstances. This type of SBA loan is unique in that it is provided through non-profit community lenders who also offer business training and technical assistance, making it a comprehensive package for first-time entrepreneurs and small business owners.
Learn more about microloans and see a list of microlenders here.
| SBA 504 loan details | |
| Common use cases |
|
| Maximum loan amount | $50,000 |
| Terms | Up to 6 years |
SBA disaster loans
SBA disaster loans are designed to provide financial support to businesses, homeowners, and renters affected by declared disasters. Unlike other types of SBA loans, disaster loans are directly funded by the SBA, not through lenders. They offer low-interest, long-term loans for physical and economic damage caused by a declared disaster.
Businesses of all sizes, homeowners, and renters can apply for a physical disaster loan to repair or replace damaged property, while businesses and non-profit organizations can apply for an economic injury disaster loan to help meet working capital needs caused by the disaster. The SBA will determine the loan amount and term based on each borrower’s financial condition.
Read more about SBA disaster loans here.
| SBA disaster loan details | |
| Maximum loan amount | $2 million |
| Terms | Up to 30 years |
SBA loans vs. conventional loans
Since SBA loans are government-backed, there are a few specific differences to call out relative to conventional loans.
- You can qualify with a much younger, riskier business profile. Conventional loans typically require at least 6 months of time in business, whereas SBA loans work with eligible startups. Since lenders shoulder less risk from the actual loan, they’re willing to take on more risk from the lender.
- SBA loan amounts are capped at $5.5 million. Conventional loans don’t have defined limits, and can vary more greatly.
- SBA loans have a longer approval time. Since you have to meet requirements for both the lender and the government, approval can take more than 30 days. For conventional loans, approval can happen in just a few days.
- SBA loans have capped interest rates. While SBA loans may not offer the lowest possible interest rates, they keep the ceiling of interest lower than conventional loans. See current SBA loan rates here.
Eligibility requirements for an SBA loan
Is it hard to get approved for an SBA loan?
Given the combination of personal and business requirements, it’s moderately difficult to get approved for an SBA loan—not easy, but not overly difficult. A large part of the approval process revolves around your personal history and available financial resources.
To qualify for an SBA loan, you must meet the following requirements:
- Your business must operate in the US and be legally registered
- Your business must fall under the SBA’s definition of a small business
- You must have invested your own time and money into your business before seeking outside funding
- You need to have a good credit score (typically above 680) and a solid financial history
- Collateral may be required, depending on the type of loan you apply for
Pros and cons of SBA loans
| The pros | The cons |
| Capped interest, assuring fair rates for new businesses | Longer application and approval processes due to the involvement of the government in guaranteeing the loan |
| Longer repayment terms, making it easier to manage cash flow | Collateral may be required without a strong credit score |
| Ranging loan amounts, offering flexibility for different business sizes | Additional costs, such as packaging fees or maintenance fees, may be involved |
| Broad business eligibility |
Application process for an SBA loan
Applying for an SBA loan requires you to know a lot about your business, and requires a combination of personal and business-specific paperwork to submit successfully.
1. Understanding the numbers behind your business:
To qualify for an SBA loan, it’s important to note that your business should have been operational for a reasonable period of time. Many lenders prefer businesses to have been in operation for at least two years.
This is to ensure that your business has a proven track record and demonstrates stability and the ability to generate consistent revenue.
In terms of credit score, a personal score of at least 680 is generally preferred by most lenders. This high credit score showcases your reliability and ability to repay the loan.
Otherwise, you need to know your business down to the dates and dollars its comprised of. Are you able to prove profit and loss and cash flow for your business? Can you show both historical numbers and future projections to prove you’re generating revenue?
You should be prepared to show all money in and out, taxes, and any existing debt.
2. Making sure you have the proof:
Do you have all the documentation needed to prove the dates and dollars mentioned above?
This includes fundamental business and financial documents, such as your business plan, personal and business income tax returns, personal and business bank statements, and a balance sheet. You’ll also need to provide financial projections, ownership and affiliations, business license, loan application history, and business lease.
3. Finding an SBA-approved lender in your area:
Your next step is to find an SBA-approved lender in your area. This could be a traditional bank, a Community Development Company (CDC), or a microlender, depending on your needs.
The SBA has a free online Lender Match tool that can connect you with participating SBA-approved lenders within 48 hours. They also provide lists of CDCs and microlenders.
When choosing a lender, consider factors such as their SBA loan expertise, the types of businesses they typically work with, and their understanding of your industry. Building a relationship with your lender can be beneficial, as they could provide valuable guidance throughout the loan application process.
4. Submitting your application.
After you’ve gathered all necessary documentation and found an SBA-approved lender, you’ll need to package your paperwork together alongside SBA forms 1919 and 413.
Your lender will guide you through the application process and help you submit all required documents.
How long does it take to get approved for an SBA loan?
The timeline for approval can vary depending on the type of loan you apply for and the lender’s processing times.
Typically, the application process can take anywhere from one to three months (30 to 90 days), while the funds can take an additional one to two weeks to be disbursed.
What happens to an SBA loan if your business closes?
Sometimes it happens—your business closes. In that case, what happens to your SBA loan?
Like any other loan, you need to continue making payments, or else you’ll go into default, where lenders can begin to seize collateral.
The SBA does compromise in some cases. Via their Offer in Compromise (Form 1150), businesses that default on their loan are able to apply for a settlement of a lower amount if paid in full more immediately. In this case, the loan is considered paid off.
Generally, the most important thing to keep in mind—you’re responsible for the money owed to the lender no matter what.
SBA loans can be an excellent financing option for small businesses looking to grow or sustain their operations. With an understanding of your requirements, you can begin to search for an SBA lender today.
Quickly compare loan offers from multiple lenders.
Applying is free and won’t impact your credit.
Information provided on this blog is for educational purposes only, and is not intended to be business, legal, tax, or accounting advice. The views and opinions expressed in this blog are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Lendio. While Lendio strives to keep its content up-to-date, it is only accurate as of the date posted. Offers or trends may expire, or may no longer be relevant.
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